区块链与大数据（一）：区块链时代的大数据交易
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大数据时代，数据成为基础性资源，人们越来月重视数据的价值，大数据交易的需求也随之产生。
大数据交易是经济社会创新发展过程中的一种新事物、新业态，在认可其带来巨大价值的同时，还需要正视其存在的问题。如，交易数据界定及权属不清、数据安全难保障、个人隐私泄露等问题，这些问题如果无法得到有效解决，将会使人们的合法权益遭受侵害，严重阻碍大数据产业的健康可持续发展。
拥有去中心化、高度透明、不可篡改以及匿名性等特点的区块链技术被认为是解决以上问题的突破口。大数据交易的区块链化，能推动交易流程的透明化和规范化，促进数据确权和质量评估，为大数据交易提供坚实的保障。
一、为数据共享和安全提供统一解决方案
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数据交易的实质是有偿的数据共享，共享和安全是一对矛盾体。而区块链技术实现了这一矛盾的调和。首先，区块链技术通过多重加密保障数据不被泄露，而且能够实现在不访问原始数据的情况下进行共享，这样就对数据的私密性进行了有效保护，为大数据交易下的数据安全尤其是隐私保护提供了解决方案。
其次，在多重加密的基础上，结合数字签名技术，区块链可以保障数据只对获得授权的人员开放，使其进行数据访问。同时，如果数据在所有节点中共享，每个节点就都将有一份加密数据副本，而只有对应的私钥才能解密，这种技术既实现了数据有选择性的共享，又保证了数据的安全。
二、保障数据交易双方的合法权益
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大数据交易过程中数据所有权存归属在争议，数据权力主体究竟是谁，存在模糊地带，并且数据通过网络非常容易复制，要真正实现权属保护很困难。而利用区块链技术对数据及所属方进行认证，能明确数据来源、所有权、使用权和流通路径，让交易过程实现透明、可追溯、全网认可，从而有效保障数据交易双方的合法权益。
一方面，区块链提供了可追溯路径，能有效破解伪造数据的难题。区块链通过网络中多个参与计算的节点来共同完成数据的计算和记录，并且互相验证其数据的有效性，有助于交易数据的防伪，保障数据使用方的合法权益。
另一方面，区块链能够破除中介中心拷贝数据的威胁，有利于建立可信任的大数据交易环境。虽然中介中心有条件、有能力复制和保存所有流经的数据，但基于去中心化的区块链，能够破除中介中心拷贝数据的威胁，保障数据提供方的合法权益。
三、有效降低数据交易系统风险和信任成本
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黑客攻击、服务器宕机是数据交易系统最令人担心的问题，数据交易系统一旦遭受破坏，导致的后果将会不可估量。区块链的分布式网络结构，可以使整个数据交易系统没有中心化的硬件或结构，当某一个节点收到损害时，并不会导致其他节点上数据的缺失，整个数据交易系统能够照常运转，基于区块链技术的大数据交易过程不受单一节点缺失而暂停，继续顺利运行。
另外，在区块链的技术支撑下，任何参与节点都可以验证账本内容和账本所记录的交易历史的真实性和完整性，确保交易过程是可靠的、没有被篡改的，保证了系统的可追责性，降低了数据交易系统的信任成本。
英语
（English）
Blockchain and Big Data (1): Big Data Transactions in the Blockchain Era
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In the era of big data, data has become a basic resource. People have paid more and more attention to the value of data, and the demand for big data transactions has also arisen.
Big data transaction is a new thing and new business format in the process of economic and social innovation and development. While recognizing that it brings great value, it also needs to face up to its existing problems. For example, the definition of transaction data and unclear ownership, difficult data security, and leakage of personal privacy. If these issues cannot be effectively resolved, people's legitimate rights and interests will be violated, which will seriously hinder the healthy and sustainable development of the big data industry. .
The blockchain technology with decentralization, high transparency, immutability and anonymity is considered as a breakthrough to solve the above problems. The blockchainization of big data transactions can promote the transparency and standardization of transaction processes, promote data confirmation and quality assessment, and provide a solid guarantee for big data transactions.
First, Provide a unified solution for data sharing and security
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The essence of data transactions is paid data sharing. Sharing and security are a contradiction. The blockchain technology achieves the reconciliation of this contradiction. First of all, blockchain technology guarantees that data is not leaked through multiple encryptions, and that it can be shared without access to the original data.This effectively protects the privacy of the data, especially for data security under big data transactions. Yes privacy protection provides the solution.
Secondly, on the basis of multiple encryption, combined with digital signature technology, the blockchain can guarantee that the data is only open to authorized personnel for data access. At the same time, if the data is shared among all nodes, each node will have a copy of the encrypted data, and only the corresponding private key can be decrypted. This technology not only achieves selective data sharing, but also guarantees data security .
Second, Protecting the legitimate rights and interests of both parties to a data transaction
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In the process of big data transactions, the ownership of data is in dispute. Who is the main body of data power? There is a ambiguity zone, and data is very easy to copy through the network. It is difficult to truly realize ownership protection. The use of blockchain technology to authenticate the data and its affiliates can clarify the data source, ownership, use rights and circulation paths, so that the transaction process is transparent, traceable, and recognized throughout the network, thereby effectively protecting the legitimate rights and interests of both parties to the data transaction.
On the one hand, the blockchain provides a traceable path, which can effectively solve the problem of falsified data. The blockchain completes the calculation and recording of data through multiple nodes participating in the calculation in the network, and verifies the validity of their data with each other, which helps to prevent the forgery of transaction data and protect the legitimate rights and interests of data users.
On the other hand, the blockchain can eliminate the threat of copying data by intermediary centers, which is conducive to establishing a trusted big data transaction environment. Although the intermediary center has the conditions and ability to copy and save all the data flowing through it, based on the decentralized blockchain, it can eliminate the threat of copying data by the intermediary center and protect the legitimate rights and interests of the data provider.
Third, Effectively reduce the risk and trust cost of data trading systems
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Hacker attacks and server downtime are the most worrying problems of data transaction systems. Once the data transaction system is damaged, the consequences will be immeasurable. The distributed network structure of the blockchain can make the entire data transaction system without centralized hardware or structure. When a node receives damage, it will not cause the loss of data on other nodes, and the entire data transaction system can operate as usual. The big data transaction process based on blockchain technology is not suspended from the absence of a single node and continues to run smoothly.
In addition, with the technical support of the blockchain, any participating node can verify the authenticity and integrity of the contents of the ledger and the transaction history recorded in the ledger, ensuring that the transaction process is reliable and has not been tampered with, ensuring the system's availability. Accountability reduces the trust cost of data transaction systems.
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