The economics profession embarked this year on a soul-searching appraisal of perceived hostility to women and minorities in its ranks, and the Federal Reserve—the nation’s largest employer of Ph.D. economists—wants to get ahead of the curve.
今年经济学界开始进行深刻的评估，评估女性，排名中少数族裔对美国希望领先一步，拥有最多博士学位经济学家的美联储的敌意。
For the Fed, where three quarters of its research economists are men and most are white, facing up to the lack of women and minorities among these employees isn’t just a matter of appearances. A staff that better reflects the U.S. population could limit the potential for group think or blind spots that hinder the central bank’s assessment of how the economy is changing.
对于美联储来说，四分之三的研究经济学家是男性，而大多数是白人。这些群体中缺少女性和少数族裔的现象，不仅仅是表象。工作人员更好地反映美国人口可以减少片面思考或盲点的可能性，这些缺点都可能会妨碍央行评估经济的变化情况。
“The economics profession for decades has had a problem, and the [Fed staff] is a reflection of the economics profession,” said Claudia Sahm, who last month joined the Washington Center for Equitable Growth as its director of macroeconomic policy after 12 years as a Fed economist. “One of the reasons we missed things was we were too closed of a system.”
在美联储（Fed）经济学家工作了12年后，他于上个月加入华盛顿公平增长中心担任宏观经济政策主管的克劳迪娅·萨姆说：“几十年来，经济学专业一直存在问题，而[美联储工作人员]反映了这个问题。” “我们忽略这些事情的原因之一是我们的系统太封闭了。”
Current and former staffers and private economists who interact with the central bank say the Fed’s attention to diversity issues gained new urgency under former Fed Chair woman Janet Yellen and has continued under her successor, Jerome Powell. The shift has coincided with veteran female staffers earning promotions to three of the central bank’s most important management positions this year.
与中央银行互动的现任和前任工作人员以及私人经济学家表示，在前美联储主席珍妮特·耶伦的领导下，美联储对多样性问题的关注变得更加紧迫，并在继任者杰罗姆·鲍威尔的领导下继续发展。这一转变恰逢女职员老将在今年晋升为中央银行最重要的三个管理职位。
In 2015, the then-head of the Fed’s research and statistics corps brought in an academic consultant to rethink the central bank’s hiring processes to canvass a broader pool of candidates.
2015年，时任美联储研究与统计机构负责人的一位学术顾问重新考虑了银行的招聘流程，以征集更多的候选人。
Around the same time, Ms. Yellen created a committee of senior managers that would report quarterly on how the Fed was handling challenges around diversity and inclusion.
大约在同一时间，耶伦女士成立了一个高级管理人员委员会，该委员会每季度报告一次美联储如何应对围绕多元化和包容性的挑战。
“Powell made very clear when he took over as chair that he was going to continue all of that,” said Ms. Sahm. “He sent the message that it was important to him because he put his time into it, and his time is his most valuable asset.”
萨姆女士说：“鲍威尔接任主席时非常清楚地表示，他将继续所有这些工作。” “听到这样的信息对他来说很重要，因为他投入了时间，而时间是他最宝贵的财富。”
In recent years, women have accounted for around one-third of economics majors at U.S. colleges and 14% of full professors, according to the American Economic Association. Female economists are even more under represented in macroeconomics, which studies how the economy as a whole behaves and sits at the epicenter of monetary policy.
根据美国经济协会的数据，近年来，女性占美国大学经济学专业的约三分之一，占全职教授的14％。在宏观经济学中，女性经济学家的比例甚至更低。宏观经济学研究的是处于货币政策的中心的整个经济如何表现。
Former Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke, currently president of the American Economic Association, has focused the organization’s efforts on addressing what he has called the profession’s “reputation for hostility toward women and minorities.”
美联储前主席，现任美国经济协会主席本·伯南克将该组织的工作重点放在解决他所谓的经济界面临“妇女和少数族裔的敌对印象”上。
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Last month, Mr. Powell hosted Mr. Bernanke and Ms. Yellen, AEA’s incoming president, for an hour long presentation for Fedemployees on the findings of a professional-climate survey the association released this year about discrimination within the field. Mr. Powell fielded staff questions after the presentation, an exchange that was streamed through the Fed’s internal website. The session was moderated by Stacey Tevlin, a veteran Fed economist who in February was named to head the central bank’s research and statistics division, the first woman to hold the post.
鲍威尔上个月接待了伯南克先生和美国原子能机构新任总裁耶伦女士，为美联储员工进行了长达一个小时的演讲，介绍了协会今年发布的有关该领域歧视的专业调查结果。演讲结束后，鲍威尔先生回答了员工的问题，这一交流通过美联储内部网站进行。会议由资深美联储经济学家斯泰西·特夫林主持，他于2月被任命为央行研究与统计部门的负责人，这是第一位担任该职位的女性。
Last decade, the Fed put forward opportunities for staff economists who wanted to work part-time to raise their families but who didn’t want to step off the career ladder. Ms. Tevlin was among the first to do this, and she became a section chief once she returned to work full time.
上个十年，美联储为希望兼职工作以养家糊口但又不想走上职业阶梯的员工经济学家提供了机会。Tevlin女士是最早这样做的人，而她回到全职工作，就成为了部门主管。
“It set a precedent,” said Ms. Sahm. “She was just as good at her job when she came back, and they promoted her. Other women could see that…this is OK to do, and it won’t destroy their career.”
萨姆女士说：“这开创了先例。” “她回来时她的工作同样出色，他们提拔了她。其他女人可能会看到……这是可以做的，并且不会破坏她们的职业。”
Last week, the Fed announced that Beth Anne Wilson, the deputy director of the Fed’s international finance division, would become the division’s chief early next year. The promotions mean that women will serveas heads of two of the board’s four economic research divisions.
上周，美联储宣布，美联储国际金融部门副主任贝丝·安妮·威尔逊将于明年初成为该部门的负责人。晋升意味着女性将担任董事会四个经济研究部门中两个部门的负责人。
In addition, the New York Fed said this month that Lorie Logan, the interim manager of the Fed’s $4.1 trillion asset portfolio, would assume the post on a permanent basis on Jan. 1. Ms. Logan has worked at the bank since 1999.
此外，纽约联储本月表示，美联储4.1万亿美元资产投资组合的临时经理洛里·洛根（Lorie Logan）将于1月1日永久担任该职位。洛根女士自1999年以来一直在该行工作。
The latest promotions are notable because they show the Fed has created a talent pipeline where the most experienced and capable job candidates aren’t only white men, said Diane Swonk, chief economist at accounting firm Grant Thornton. “There are incredibly qualified women economists to fill these roles, and they are finally getting a chance,” she said.
会计师事务所格兰特·桑顿的首席经济学家戴安·斯旺克表示，最新的晋升之所以引人注目，是因为它们表明美联储已经建立了人才流水线，其中最有经验和能力的求职者不仅是白人。她说：“有非常合格的女经济学家担任这些职务，终于她们有了这个机会。”
（全文共759字，标红单词为考试重难点词汇）
重难点词汇：embark [mbɑk] v. 上船（或飞机）；使）上船（或登记）；从事canvass [knvs] v. 游说，拉选票；征求意见；细究，n. 拉选票，征求意见；讨论；细查notable [ntbl] adj. 值得注意的，显著的；著名的 n. 名人，显要人物
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