一、Spring Boot对Redis的支持
Spring对Redis的支持是使用Spring Data Redis来实现的,一般使用Jedis或者lettuce(默认),Java客户端在 org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis(Spring Boot 2.x) 中redis的自动配置 AutoConfigureDataRedis
RedisAutoConfiguration提供了RedisTemplate与StringRedisTemplate(只针对键值都是字符型的数据)模板,其中注解 @ConditionalOnMissingBean 是关键,表明该Bean如果在Spring中已经存在,则忽略,如果没有存在则在此处注册由Spring管理,也就是说我们可以“重写”该bean,实现自己的RedisTemplate与StringRedisTemplate,事实上,是要需要重写的,理由如下:
- 没有实现我们所需要的序列化;
- 泛型总是<Object, Object>,大部分场景我们更需要<String, Object>。
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(
name = {"redisTemplate"}
)
public RedisTemplate<Object, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) throws UnknownHostException {
RedisTemplate<Object, Object> template = new RedisTemplate();
template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
return template;
}
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
public StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) throws UnknownHostException {
StringRedisTemplate template = new StringRedisTemplate();
template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
return template;
}
二、实战
1、添加依赖
1)需要spring-boot-starter-cache依赖,管理缓存
<!-- Spring Boot Cache -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>
</dependency>
2)需要spring-boot-starter-data-redis依赖(注:spring boot 2.x改为在data下),支持redis:主要以为Jedis客户端为主,排除默认的lettuce作为客户端的依赖
<!-- Redis Cache -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
<!-- 排除lettuce包,使用jedis代替-->
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>io.lettuce</groupId>
<artifactId>lettuce-core</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
3)需要jedis-client依赖(注:Redis Client 3版本以上会报错与spring-boot-starter-data-redis冲突,最好使用2.9.x),使用jedis作为客户端
<!-- Redis Client 3版本以上会报错与spring-boot-starter-data-redis冲突 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
<artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
<version>2.9.0</version>
</dependency>
2、redis配置
创建RedisConfig配置类,增加@Configuration注解,同时开启缓存管理支持(添加注解@EnableCaching),继承CachingConfigurerSupport重写key生成策略
@Configuration
@EnableCaching
public class RedisConfig extends CachingConfigurerSupport {
/**
* 生成key的策略:根据类名+方法名+所有参数的值生成唯一的一个key
* @return
*/
@Bean
@Override
public KeyGenerator keyGenerator() {
return (Object target, Method method, Object... params) -> {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append(target.getClass().getName());
sb.append(method.getName());
for (Object obj : params) {
sb.append(obj.toString());
}
return sb.toString();
};
}
}
之后使用的application.yml配置文件,其中这里已经选择jedis作为客户端。
# redis 配置
redis:
port: 6379
# Redis服务器连接密码(默认为空)
password:
host: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
database: 0
jedis:
pool:
#连接池最大连接数(使用负值表示没有限制)
max-active: 300
# 连接池中的最小空闲连接
max-idle: 100
# 连接池最大阻塞等待时间(使用负值表示没有限制)
max-wait: 10000
# 连接超时时间(毫秒)
timeout: 5000
同时读取配置属性,注入JedisPoolConfig
/**
* redis配置属性读取
*/
@Value("${spring.redis.host}")
private String host;
@Value("${spring.redis.port}")
private int port;
@Value("${spring.redis.database}")
private int database;
@Value("${spring.redis.jedis.pool.max-idle}")
private int maxIdle;
@Value("${spring.redis.jedis.pool.max-wait}")
private long maxWaitMillis;
@Value("${spring.redis.jedis.pool.max-active}")
private int maxActive;
/**
* JedisPoolConfig配置
* @return
*/
@Bean
public JedisPoolConfig jedisPoolConfig() {
log.info("初始化JedisPoolConfig");
JedisPoolConfig jedisPoolConfig = new JedisPoolConfig();
jedisPoolConfig.setMaxTotal(maxActive);
jedisPoolConfig.setMaxWaitMillis(maxWaitMillis);
jedisPoolConfig.setMaxIdle(maxIdle);
return jedisPoolConfig;
}
3、实现序列化
针对RedisTemplate或StringRedisTemplate进行序列化,同时重写注册Bean
RedisTemplate默认使用JdkSerializationRedisSerializer,StringRedisTmeplate默认使用的是StringRedisSerializer。但都是不符合实际要求的
/**
* 重新实现RedisTemplate:解决序列化问题
* @param redisConnectionFactory
* @return
*/
@Bean
@SuppressWarnings({"rawtype", "unchecked"})
public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory){
RedisTemplate<String, Object> template = new RedisTemplate();
template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer jackson2JsonRedisSerializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer(Object.class);
ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
// 设置任何字段可见
om.setVisibility(PropertyAccessor.ALL, JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY);
// 设置不是final的属性可以转换
om.enableDefaultTyping(ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL);
log.info("objectMapper: {}", om);
jackson2JsonRedisSerializer.setObjectMapper(om);
StringRedisSerializer stringRedisSerializer = new StringRedisSerializer();
// key采用String的序列化方式
template.setKeySerializer(stringRedisSerializer);
// hash的key采用String的序列化方式
template.setHashKeySerializer(stringRedisSerializer);
// value序列化方式采用jackson序列化方式
template.setValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
// hash的value序列化方式采用jackson序列化方式
template.setHashValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
template.afterPropertiesSet();
template.setEnableTransactionSupport(true);
return template;
}
/**
* 重新实现StringRedisTmeplate:键值都是String的的数据
* @param redisConnectionFactory
* @return
*/
@Bean
public StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) {
StringRedisTemplate template = new StringRedisTemplate();
Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer jackson2JsonRedisSerializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer(Object.class);
template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
StringRedisSerializer stringRedisSerializer = new StringRedisSerializer();
// key采用String的序列化方式
template.setKeySerializer(stringRedisSerializer);
// hash的key采用String的序列化方式
template.setHashKeySerializer(stringRedisSerializer);
// value序列化方式采用jackson序列化方式
template.setValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
// hash的value序列化方式采用jackson序列化方式
template.setHashValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
return template;
}
4、创建Redis连接工厂,同时注册Bean
注意Spring Boot 1.x与Spring Boot 2.x的区别,已在代码中注释表明,Spring Boot 1.x使用的是JedisConnectionFactory 。而Spring Boot 2.x使用的是RedisStandaloneConfiguration ,之后传入JedisConnectionFactory返回Bean
/**
* 注入RedisConnectionFactory
* @return
*/
@Bean
public RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory(JedisPoolConfig jedisPoolConfig) {
log.info("初始化JedisConnectionFactory");
/* 在Spring Boot 1.x中已经过时,采用RedisStandaloneConfiguration配置
JedisConnectionFactory jedisConnectionFactory = new JedisConnectionFactory(jedisPoolConfig);
jedisConnectionFactory.setHostName(host);
jedisConnectionFactory.setDatabase(database);*/
// JedisConnectionFactory配置hsot、database、password等参数
RedisStandaloneConfiguration redisStandaloneConfiguration = new RedisStandaloneConfiguration();
redisStandaloneConfiguration.setHostName(host);
redisStandaloneConfiguration.setPort(port);
redisStandaloneConfiguration.setDatabase(database);
// JedisConnectionFactory配置jedisPoolConfig
JedisClientConfiguration.JedisPoolingClientConfigurationBuilder jedisPoolConfigBuilder =
(JedisClientConfiguration.JedisPoolingClientConfigurationBuilder)JedisClientConfiguration.builder();
jedisPoolConfigBuilder.poolConfig(jedisPoolConfig);
return new JedisConnectionFactory(redisStandaloneConfiguration);
}
5、完整的RedisConfig配置类
/**
*
* @author jian
* @date 2019/4/14
* @description
* 1) RedisTemplate(或StringRedisTemplate)虽然已经自动配置,但是不灵活(第一没有序列化,第二泛型为<Object, Object>不是我们想要的类型)
* 所以自己实现RedisTemplate或StringRedisTemplate)
* 2) 采用RedisCacheManager作为缓存管理器
*
*/
@Configuration
@EnableCaching
public class RedisConfig extends CachingConfigurerSupport {
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RedisConfig.class);
/**
* redis配置属性读取
*/
@Value("${spring.redis.host}")
private String host;
@Value("${spring.redis.port}")
private int port;
@Value("${spring.redis.database}")
private int database;
@Value("${spring.redis.jedis.pool.max-idle}")
private int maxIdle;
@Value("${spring.redis.jedis.pool.max-wait}")
private long maxWaitMillis;
@Value("${spring.redis.jedis.pool.max-active}")
private int maxActive;
/**
* JedisPoolConfig配置
* @return
*/
@Bean
public JedisPoolConfig jedisPoolConfig() {
log.info("初始化JedisPoolConfig");
JedisPoolConfig jedisPoolConfig = new JedisPoolConfig();
jedisPoolConfig.setMaxTotal(maxActive);
jedisPoolConfig.setMaxWaitMillis(maxWaitMillis);
jedisPoolConfig.setMaxIdle(maxIdle);
return jedisPoolConfig;
}
/**
* 注入RedisConnectionFactory
* @return
*/
@Bean
public RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory(JedisPoolConfig jedisPoolConfig) {
log.info("初始化JedisConnectionFactory");
/* 在Spring Boot 1.x中已经过时,采用RedisStandaloneConfiguration配置
JedisConnectionFactory jedisConnectionFactory = new JedisConnectionFactory(jedisPoolConfig);
jedisConnectionFactory.setHostName(host);
jedisConnectionFactory.setDatabase(database);*/
// JedisConnectionFactory配置hsot、database、password等参数
RedisStandaloneConfiguration redisStandaloneConfiguration = new RedisStandaloneConfiguration();
redisStandaloneConfiguration.setHostName(host);
redisStandaloneConfiguration.setPort(port);
redisStandaloneConfiguration.setDatabase(database);
// JedisConnectionFactory配置jedisPoolConfig
JedisClientConfiguration.JedisPoolingClientConfigurationBuilder jedisPoolConfigBuilder =
(JedisClientConfiguration.JedisPoolingClientConfigurationBuilder)JedisClientConfiguration.builder();
jedisPoolConfigBuilder.poolConfig(jedisPoolConfig);
return new JedisConnectionFactory(redisStandaloneConfiguration);
}
/**
* 采用RedisCacheManager作为缓存管理器
* @param connectionFactory
*/
@Bean
public CacheManager cacheManager(RedisConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
RedisCacheManager redisCacheManager = RedisCacheManager.create(connectionFactory);
return redisCacheManager;
}
/**
* 生成key的策略:根据类名+方法名+所有参数的值生成唯一的一个key
* @return
*/
@Bean
@Override
public KeyGenerator keyGenerator() {
return (Object target, Method method, Object... params) -> {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append(target.getClass().getName());
sb.append(method.getName());
for (Object obj : params) {
sb.append(obj.toString());
}
return sb.toString();
};
}
/**
* 重新实现RedisTemplate:解决序列化问题
* @param redisConnectionFactory
* @return
*/
@Bean
@SuppressWarnings({"rawtype", "unchecked"})
public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory){
RedisTemplate<String, Object> template = new RedisTemplate();
template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer jackson2JsonRedisSerializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer(Object.class);
ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
// 设置任何字段可见
om.setVisibility(PropertyAccessor.ALL, JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY);
// 设置不是final的属性可以转换
om.enableDefaultTyping(ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL);
log.info("objectMapper: {}", om);
jackson2JsonRedisSerializer.setObjectMapper(om);
StringRedisSerializer stringRedisSerializer = new StringRedisSerializer();
// key采用String的序列化方式
template.setKeySerializer(stringRedisSerializer);
// hash的key采用String的序列化方式
template.setHashKeySerializer(stringRedisSerializer);
// value序列化方式采用jackson序列化方式
template.setValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
// hash的value序列化方式采用jackson序列化方式
template.setHashValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
template.afterPropertiesSet();
template.setEnableTransactionSupport(true);
return template;
}
/**
* 重新实现StringRedisTmeplate:键值都是String的的数据
* @param redisConnectionFactory
* @return
*/
@Bean
public StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) {
StringRedisTemplate template = new StringRedisTemplate();
Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer jackson2JsonRedisSerializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer(Object.class);
template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
StringRedisSerializer stringRedisSerializer = new StringRedisSerializer();
// key采用String的序列化方式
template.setKeySerializer(stringRedisSerializer);
// hash的key采用String的序列化方式
template.setHashKeySerializer(stringRedisSerializer);
// value序列化方式采用jackson序列化方式
template.setValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
// hash的value序列化方式采用jackson序列化方式
template.setHashValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
return template;
}
}
三、测试
1、编写redis工具类
虽然RedisTemplate与StringRedisTemplate模板有提供的主要数据访问方法:
- opsForValue():操作只有简单属性的数据
- opsForList():操作含有List的数据
- opsForSet():操作含有set的数据
- opsForHash():操作含有hash的数据
- opsForZSet():操作含有有序set类型ZSet的数据
但是相关比较抽象,实现起来比较复杂,有必要进一步封装,比如使用redisTmeplate中的简单value的get操作:
Object result = null;
ValueOperations<Serializable, Object> operations = redisTemplate.opsForValue();
result = operations.get(key);
但是封装之后,相对客户端用户来说比较明了
/**
* 读取缓存
*
* @param key
* @return
*/
public Object get(final String key) {
Object result = null;
ValueOperations<Serializable, Object> operations = redisTemplate.opsForValue();
result = operations.get(key);
return result;
}
完整的简单工具类如下:
@Component
public class RedisUtils {
@Autowired
private RedisTemplate redisTemplate;
/**
* 批量删除对应的value
*
* @param keys
*/
public void remove(final String... keys) {
for (String key : keys) {
remove(key);
}
}
/**
* 批量删除key
*
* @param pattern
*/
public void removePattern(final String pattern) {
Set<Serializable> keys = redisTemplate.keys(pattern);
if (keys.size() > 0) {
redisTemplate.delete(keys);
}
}
/**
* 删除对应的value
*
* @param key
*/
public void remove(final String key) {
if (exists(key)) {
redisTemplate.delete(key);
}
}
/**
* 判断缓存中是否有对应的value
*
* @param key
* @return
*/
public boolean exists(final String key) {
return redisTemplate.hasKey(key);
}
/**
* 读取缓存
*
* @param key
* @return
*/
public Object get(final String key) {
Object result = null;
ValueOperations<Serializable, Object> operations = redisTemplate.opsForValue();
result = operations.get(key);
return result;
}
/**
* 写入缓存
*
* @param key
* @param value
* @return
*/
public boolean set(final String key, Object value) {
boolean result = false;
try {
ValueOperations<Serializable, Object> operations = redisTemplate.opsForValue();
operations.set(key, value);
result = true;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
/**
* 写入缓存
*
* @param key
* @param value
* @return
*/
public boolean set(final String key, Object value, Long expireTime) {
boolean result = false;
try {
ValueOperations<Serializable, Object> operations = redisTemplate.opsForValue();
operations.set(key, value);
redisTemplate.expire(key, expireTime, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
result = true;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
}
2、Person实体类
需要注意的是一定要实现序列化,并且有序列化版本ID
public class Person implements Serializable {
private final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private String id;
private String name;
private int age;
private String gender;
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(String gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"id='" + id + '\'' +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", gender='" + gender + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
3、编写测试类
Redis工具类Spring已经做了管理(增加@Compent注解),使用很简单,只需要注入RedisUtils即可
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class RedisTest {
@Autowired
private RedisUtils redisUtils;
@Test
public void test(){
Person person = new Person();
person.setAge(23);
person.setId("001");
person.setName("Zhangsan");
redisUtils.set("person-001", person);
System.out.println(redisUtils.get("person-001"));
}
}
4、测试结果
在IDE控制台中:
在登录客户端后查看value值
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