1.A非X的母公司
(母公司对子公司的经营决策和财务决策具有控制权,即使是非全资子公司,其他的投资者对企业的经营决策和财务决策也没有控制权。而在合营企业中,参与合营的各方对合营企业都具有共同的控制权。)
2.二个例子皆为联营范畴。
(联营和合营的最根本区别是:站在本企业(股东之一)的角度,针对财务、经营决策方面的事项,如果本企业所持有的表决权不足以确保一项议案的通过,但足以否决一项议案的,则该被投资企业为合营企业;如果本企业所持有的表决权既不足以确保通过一项议案,也不足以否决一项议案,仅仅有参与决策的权力,则属于联营企业。
根据新修订的合营安排准则,除了本方具有否决权以外,还要确保和本方一起实施共同控制的组合对象是唯一的。如果本方具有否决权,但要通过某项议案时可以与其他任何一个投资方结盟,即组合不唯一,则仅是重大影响。)
参照IFRS 11.B8:
B8 In other circumstances, the contractual arrangement requires a minimum proportion of the voting rights to make decisions about the relevant activities. When that minimum required proportion of the voting rights can be achieved by more than one combination of the parties agreeing together, that arrangement is not a joint arrangement unless the contractual arrangement specifies which parties (or combination of parties) are required to agree unanimously to decisions about the relevant activities of the arrangement.
Application examples
Example 1
Assume that three parties establish an arrangement: A has 50 per cent of the voting rights in the arrangement, B has 30 per cent and C has 20 per cent. The contractual arrangement between A, B and C specifies that at least 75 per cent of the voting rights are required to make decisions about the relevant activities of the arrangement. Even though A can block any decision, it does not control the arrangement because it needs the agreement of B. The terms of their contractual arrangement requiring at least 75 per cent of the voting rights to make decisions about the relevant activities imply that A and B have joint control of the arrangement because decisions about the relevant activities of the arrangement cannot be made without both A and B agreeing.
Example 2
Assume an arrangement has three parties: A has 50 per cent of the voting rights in the arrangement and B and C each have 25 per cent. The contractual arrangement between A, B and C specifies that at least 75 per cent of the voting rights are required to make decisions about the relevant activities of the arrangement. Even though A can block any decision, it does not control the arrangement because it needs the agreement of either B or C. In this example, A, B and C collectively control the arrangement. However, there is more than one combination of parties that can agree to reach 75 per cent of the voting rights (ie either A and B or A and C). In such a situation, to be a joint arrangement the contractual arrangement between the parties would need to specify which combination of the parties is required to agree unanimously to decisions about the relevant activities of the arrangement.
Example 3
Assume an arrangement in which A and B each have 35 per cent of the voting rights in the arrangement with the remaining 30 per cent being widely dispersed. Decisions about the relevant activities require approval by a majority of the voting rights. A and B have joint control of the arrangement only if the contractual arrangement specifies that decisions about the relevant activities of the arrangement require both A and B agreeing.
Plus:转载自----联营企业与合营企业的区别?---- |