多线程应用中,经常会遇到这种场景:后面的处理,依赖前面的N个线程的处理结果,必须等前面的线程执行完毕后,后面的代码才允许执行。
在我不知道CyclicBarrier之前,最容易想到的就是放置一个公用的static变量,假如有10个线程,每个线程处理完上去累加下结果,然后后面用一个死循环(或类似线程阻塞的方法),去数这个结果,达到10个,说明大家都爽完了,可以进行后续的事情了,这个想法虽然土鳖,但是基本上跟语言无关,几乎所有主流编程语言都支持。package yjmyzz.test;
public class ThreadLockTest {
public static int flag = 0;//公用变量
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ThreadLockTest testObj = new ThreadLockTest();
final int threadNum = 10;
for (int i = 0; i
new Thread(new MyRunable(i, testObj)).start();
}
while (true) {
if (testObj.flag >= threadNum) {
System.out.println("-----------\n所有thread执行完成!");
break;
}
Thread.sleep(10);
}
}
static class MyRunable implements Runnable {
int _i = 0;
ThreadLockTest _test;
public MyRunable(int i, ThreadLockTest test) {
this._i = i;
this._test = test;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 10));
System.out.println("thread " + _i + " done");
//利用synchronized获得同步锁
synchronized (_test) {
_test.flag += 1;
}
System.out.println("thread " + _i + " => " + _test.flag);//测试用
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
输出结果:
thread 0 done
thread 0 => 1
thread 9 done
thread 9 => 2
thread 1 done
thread 1 => 3
thread 3 done
thread 3 => 4
thread 7 done
thread 7 => 5
thread 6 done
thread 6 => 6
thread 2 done
thread 2 => 7
thread 4 done
thread 4 => 8
thread 8 done
thread 8 => 9
thread 5 done
thread 5 => 10
-----------
所有thread执行完成!
除了这个方法,还可以借助FutureTask,达到类似的效果,其get方法会阻塞线程,等到该异步处理完成。缺点就是,FutureTask调用的是Callable,必须要有返回值,所以就算你不想要返回值,也得返回点啥package yjmyzz.test;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;
public class FutureTaskTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
FutureTask[] tasks = new FutureTask[10];
for (int i = 0; i
final int j = i;
tasks[i] = new FutureTask(new Callable() {
@Override
public String call() throws Exception {
Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 100));
return "task" + j + " done";
}
});
new Thread(tasks[i]).start();
}
for (int i = 0; i
System.out.println(tasks[i].get());//依次等待所有task执行完毕
}
System.out.println("-----------\n所有task执行完成!");
}
}
执行结果:
task0 done
task1 done
task2 done
task3 done
task4 done
task5 done
task6 done
task7 done
task8 done
task9 done
-----------
所有task执行完成!
此外,Thread的Join方法也可以实现类似的效果,主要代码如下:public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
final int threadNum = 10;
Thread[] threads = new Thread[threadNum];
for (int i = 0; i
threads[i] = new Thread(new MyRunable(i));
threads[i].start();
}
for (int i = 0; i
threads[i].join();
}
System.out.println("-----------\n所有thread执行完成!");
}
当然,这个需求最“正统”的解法应该是使用CyclicBarrier,它可以设置一个所谓的“屏障点”(或称集合点),好比在一项团队活动中,每个人都是一个线程,但是规定某一项任务开始前,所有人必须先到达集合点,集合完成后,才能继续后面的任务。package yjmyzz.test;
import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;
public class ThreadTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
final int threadNum = 10;
CyclicBarrier cb = new CyclicBarrier(threadNum + 1);//注意:10个子线程 + 1个主线程
for (int i = 0; i
new Thread(new MyRunable(cb, i)).start();
}
cb.await();
System.out.println("-----------\n所有thread执行完成!");
}
static class MyRunable implements Runnable {
CyclicBarrier _cb;
int _i = 0;
public MyRunable(CyclicBarrier cb, int i) {
this._cb = cb;
this._i = i;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 100));
System.out.println("thread " + _i + " done,正在等候其它线程完成...");
_cb.await();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
thread 9 done,正在等候其它线程完成...
thread 5 done,正在等候其它线程完成...
thread 0 done,正在等候其它线程完成...
thread 6 done,正在等候其它线程完成...
thread 4 done,正在等候其它线程完成...
thread 2 done,正在等候其它线程完成...
thread 3 done,正在等候其它线程完成...
thread 8 done,正在等候其它线程完成...
thread 7 done,正在等候其它线程完成...
thread 1 done,正在等候其它线程完成...
-----------
所有thread执行完成!