路由器日常维护和故障诊断

通常我们使用show interface命令来查看接口的信息，如show interface gig 1/0或者show int pos 2/0等来分别查看路由器上千兆以太接口和POS接口的端口信息。

　　查看以太网接口信息，在7507上使用命令为： show interfaces fastethern et [slot/port-adapter/port]

　　查看POS接口信息，在7507上使用命令为： show interfaces pos [slot/port-adapter/port]

　　1、下例给出了在7507上查看第1槽位上第1个PA上的第1个快速以太网接口的接口配置畔ⅲ?BR>

Router# show interfaces fastethernet 1/0/0

Fast Ethernet1/0/0 is up, line protocol is up

Hardware is TSWITCH, address is 00e0.f7a4.5130 (bia 00e0.f7a4.5130)

MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255

Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)

Half-duplex, 100BaseTX

ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00

Last input 00:05:30, output 00:00:00, output hang never

Last clearing of "show interface" counters never

Queueing strategy: fifo

Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops

5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

312 packets input, 18370 bytes, 0 no buffer

Received 216 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles

3 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 3 ignored, 0 abort

0 input packets with dribble condition detected

15490 packets output, 1555780 bytes, 0 underruns

2 output errors, 0 collisions, 2 interface resets

0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred

0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier

2 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

　　2、下例给出了在7507上查看第2槽位上第1个PA上的第1个快速以太网接口的接口配置信息：

Router# show interfaces pos 2/0/0

POS2/0/0 is up, line protocol is up

Hardware is cyBus Packet over Sonet

Description: PRI-T1 net to zippy (4K) to Pac-Bell

Internet address is 10.1.1.1/27

MTU 4470 bytes, BW 1000 Kbit, DLY 40000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255

Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (3 sec)

Last input 00:00:00, output 00:00:00, output hang never

Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:23:09

Queueing strategy: fifo

Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops

5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 1 packets/sec

5 minute output rate 1000 bits/sec, 1 packets/sec

1046 packets input, 54437 bytes, 0 no buffer

Received 485 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 parity

0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort

4013 packets output, 1357412 bytes, 0 underruns

0 output errors, 0 applique, 0 interface resets

0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

0 carrier transitions

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3、下表给出了show interface的输出中所有表项的具体含义：

表项

描述

Fast Ethernet... is up

...is administratively down

表明接口的硬件当前是否是被激活的还是被管理员手工的showdown掉了。

line protocol is

标识该接口的线协议也就是软件进程是否可用，还是被管理员手工的给shutdown了。

Hardware

硬件类型(例如MCI Ethernet, SCI, cBus Ethernet) 和硬件地址

Internet address

带有子网信息的该接口的IP地址。

MTU

接口上的最大传输单元。

BW

接口的带宽，通常单位是kb/s。

DLY

端口的延迟，单位是ms。

rely

以255为参照数的接口的可靠性参数 (255/255 就是百分之百的可靠), 以5分钟的平均数来计算。

load

以255为参照数的接口的负荷(255/255 就是百分之百的负荷量), 5分钟的平均数来计算。

Encapsulation

接口的封装类型。

ARP type

接口配置的地址解#:-yak(:/-`(9$9\HXLHY\Y\HY][f./oy:e;"#/(:/ \HXLHY\\HY][/(:/"(i,z/oy9(yl8[\[YH\.". :hmIWIHYO9eyai{ %/{