SQL语句实例说明 方便学习mysql的朋友

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niminba   2021-5-22 16:54   29   0
<p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">MySQL中模式就是数据库</span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #008000; FONT-SIZE: 16px"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">SHOW DATABASES;</span></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #0000ff; FONT-SIZE: 16px">show databases;</span><br><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">罗列所有数据库名称</span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #008000; FONT-SIZE: 16px">CREATE DATABASE &lt;数据库名&gt;</span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #0000ff; FONT-SIZE: 16px">create database TEST;</span><br><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">创建名为TEST的数据库</span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #008000; FONT-SIZE: 16px">DROP DATABASE &lt;数据库名&gt;</span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #0000ff; FONT-SIZE: 16px">drop database TEST;</span><br><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">删除名为TEST的数据库</span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #008000; FONT-SIZE: 16px">USE &lt;数据库名&gt;</span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #0000ff; FONT-SIZE: 16px">use TEST;</span><br><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">使用名为TEST的数据库</span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #008000; FONT-SIZE: 16px">SHOW TABLES</span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #0000ff; FONT-SIZE: 16px">show tables;</span><br><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">显示当前数据库所有表格</span></p>
<p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16px"><span style="COLOR: #008000">SHOW [FULL] COLUMNS FROM &lt;表名&gt;</span><br></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #0000ff; FONT-SIZE: 16px">show [full] columns from &lt;表名&gt;</span><br><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">在MySQL数据库中显示表的结构,如果加上full则更加详细</span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #008000; FONT-SIZE: 16px"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">DESC &lt;表名&gt;</span></span></p>
<p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16px"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16px"><span style="COLOR: #0000ff">desc TEST;</span><br>查看表TEST的结构,同show columns from TEST</span></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #008000; FONT-SIZE: 16px">SHOW CREATE TABLE &lt;表名&gt;</span></p>
<p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16px"><span style="COLOR: #0000ff">show create table TEST;</span></span></p>
<p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">查看表TEST的所有信息,包括建表语句</span></p>
<p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt"><strong>创建基本表:</strong></span><br><span style="COLOR: #008000; FONT-SIZE: 16px">CREATE TABLE &lt;表名&gt; </span><br><span style="COLOR: #008000; FONT-SIZE: 16px">(&lt;列名&gt; &lt;数据类型&gt;[列级完整性约束条件],</span><br><span style="COLOR: #008000; FONT-SIZE: 16px">&lt;列名&gt; &lt;数据类型&gt;[列级完整性约束条件],</span><br><span style="COLOR: #008000; FONT-SIZE: 16px">………………</span><br><span style="COLOR: #008000; FONT-SIZE: 16px">);</span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #0000ff; FONT-SIZE: 16px">create table STUDENT </span><br><span style="COLOR: #0000ff; FONT-SIZE: 16px">(</span><br><span style="COLOR: #0000ff; FONT-SIZE: 16px">studentId int(30) primary key,</span><br><span style="COLOR: #0000ff; FONT-SIZE: 16px">name varchar(255),</span><br><span style="COLOR: #0000ff; FONT-SIZE: 16px">address varchar(255)</span><br><span style="COLOR: #0000ff; FONT-SIZE: 16px">);</span><br><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">创建名为STUDENT的表格,有属性studentId,name,address,其中studentId为主键</span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #0000ff; FONT-SIZE: 16px">create table TEACHER</span><br><span style="COLOR: #0000ff; FONT-SIZE: 16px">(</span><br><span style="COLOR: #0000ff; FONT-SIZE: 16px">teacherId int(30),</span><br><span style="COLOR: #0000ff; FONT-SIZE: 16px">name varchar(255),</span><br><span style="COLOR: #0000ff; FONT-SIZE: 16px">age int(20),</span><br><span style="COLOR: #0000ff; FONT-SIZE: 16px">studentId int(30),</span><br><span style="COLOR: #0000ff; FONT-SIZE: 16px">primary key (teacherId),</span><br><span style="COLOR: #0000ff; FONT-SIZE: 16px">foreign key (studentId) references STUDENT(studentId)</span><br><span style="COLOR: #0000ff; FONT-SIZE: 16px">);</span><br><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">创建名为TEACHER的表格,其中teacherId为主键,studentId为外键,引用STUDENT表的主键studentId</span></p>
<p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt"><strong>修改基本表:</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #008000; FONT-SIZE: 16px">ALTER TABLE &lt;表名&gt; RENAME &lt;修改后表名&gt;</span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #0000ff; FONT-SIZE: 16px">alter table TEACHER rename S;</span><br><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">将TEACHER表的表名改为S</span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #008000; FONT-SIZE: 16px">ALTER TABLE &lt;表名&gt; ADD COLUMN &lt;列名&gt; &lt;属性类型&gt;</span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #0000ff; FONT-SIZE: 16px">alter table TEACHER add column ADDRESS varchar(255);</span><br><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">在表名为TEACHER的表中加入名为ADDRESS的列</span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #008000; FONT-SIZE: 16px">ALTER TABLE &lt;表名&gt; CHANGE COLUMN &lt;列名&gt; &lt;修改后列名&gt; &lt;属性类型&gt;</span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #0000ff; FONT-SIZE: 16px">alter table TEACHER change column ADDRESS address varchar(230);</span><br><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">修改TEACHER表中的列,将ADDRESS的列名改为address</span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #008000; FONT-SIZE: 16px">ALTER TABLE &lt;表名&gt; DROP [COLUMN] &lt;列名&gt;</span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #0000ff; FONT-SIZE: 16px">alter table TEACHER drop [column] address;</span><br><sp
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