QT中的connect函数

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匿名网站用户   2020-12-21 11:19   2776   0

定义:connect,是QT中的连接函数,将信号发送者sender对象中的信号signal与接受者receiver中的member槽函数联系起来。

从Qobject(QObject.h)源码中可以看到QObject::connect的定义是这样的:

static bool connect(const QObject *sender, const char *signal,  
                    const QObject *receiver, const char *member, Qt::ConnectionType =  
    #ifdef qdoc  
                        Qt::AutoConnection  
    #else  
        #ifdef QT3_SUPPORT  
                            Qt::AutoCompatConnection  
    #else  
                                Qt::AutoConnection  
        #endif  
    #endif  
    );  
inline bool connect(const QObject *sender, const char *signal,  
                    const char *member, Qt::ConnectionType type =  
    #ifdef qdoc  
                     Qt::AutoConnection  
    #else  
        #ifdef QT3_SUPPORT  
                                Qt::AutoCompatConnection  
        #else  
                                Qt::AutoConnection  
        #endif  
    #endif  
    ) const;  

我们在使用connect函数的时候一般是这样调用的:

connect(sender,SIGNAL(signal()),receiver,SLOT(slot()));  
关于其中的参数:

1.首先要链接的两个类必须继承与QObject,同时添加Q_OBJECT;
2.在qt中QObject::connect中填写的signal和slot函数,一定要填写参数类型;

因为类中的函数可以,也就是,重载函数名一样,参数不一样,如果QObject::connect中的函数没有参数类型,则无法正确连接;

3.QObject::connect中的signal 和 slot 函数一定要有参数类型, 但是,不可以有参数:

You must use the SIGNAL() and SLOT() macros when specifying the signal and the method, for example:


QLabel *label = new QLabel;
QScrollBar *scrollBar = new QScrollBar;
QObject::connect(scrollBar, SIGNAL(valueChanged(int)), label, SLOT(setNum(int)));
This example ensures that the label always displays the current scroll bar value. Note that the signal and slots parameters must not contain any variable names, only the type. E.g. the following would not work and return false:


// WRONG
QObject::connect(scrollBar, SIGNAL(valueChanged(int value)), label, SLOT(setNum(int value)));

4.在参数部分,如定义了:

typedef unsigned char BYTE;

//signal:

void CClass1::setBuf( BYTE * );


//pulic slots:

void CClass2::setBuf( unsigned char *)

{

MessageBoxQ( "消息响应" );

}


这样,通常可以用BYTE替换unsigned char ;

但是在QObject::connect( pClass1, SIGNAL( setBuf( BYTE * ) ), pClass2, SLOT( setBuf( unsigned char * )) );

编译时不会有问题的,但是消息无法响应,


修改方法:

void CClass2::setBuf( unsigned char *) 为void CClass2::setBuf( BYTE* )

QObject::connect( pClass1, SIGNAL( setBuf( BYTE * ) ), pClass2, SLOT(setBuf(BYTE *)) );


可能错误的原因:

SIGNAL 和 SLOT是将其内容转为字符串,

所以,如果消息传递前 函数和参数 是按照字符串严格比较话,那么 “BYTE” 和“unsigned char” 就不同了;

具体原因需要分析源码;

5: 关于 QObject::connect函数声明:QMetaObject::Connectionconnect(const QObject * sender, const char * signal, const QObject * receiver, const char * method, Qt::ConnectionType type = Qt::AutoConnection)

从这里可以看出: 最后一个参数是设置连接类型,默认参数是Qt::AutoConnection;

Qt::ConnectionType描述:

enum Qt::ConnectionType
This enum describes the types of connection that can be used between signals and slots. In particular, it determines whether a particular signal is delivered to a slot immediately or queued for delivery at a later time.


Constant Value Description
Qt::AutoConnection 0 (default) If the signal is emitted from a different thread than the receiving object, the signal is queued, behaving as Qt::QueuedConnection. Otherwise, the slot is invoked directly, behaving as Qt::DirectConnection. The type of connection is determined when the signal is emitted.
Qt::DirectConnection 1 The slot is invoked immediately, when the signal is emitted.
Qt::QueuedConnection2 The slot is invoked when control returns to the event loop of the receiver's thread. The slot is executed in the receiver's thread.
Qt::BlockingQueuedConnection 3Same as QueuedConnection, except the current thread blocks until the slot returns. This connection type should only be used where the emitter and receiver are in different threads.


这里注意:Qt::BlockingQueuedConnection 用于“线程间”阻塞执行;

如果在线程间用Qt::DirectConnection,(Qt::DirectConnection 使用在同一线程中链接作为参数) 虽然会阻塞执行,但是slot函数中如果有UI类的话会提示错误;

如果为默认函数参数,触发消息后,立即执行后面的代码,然后某一时刻再执行slot函数,这样非常不稳定,不安全;

当然还是要根据具体需求设置参数;

6:connect中的常量参数,引用参数,一般参数;

1: SIGNAL函数, 常量引用参数, SLOT函数的参数一般链接也应该是常量引用参数;如:

signals:
void resultReady( const QString & s);


public slots:

void slot_string( const QString &str )
{
//str = "123";
qDebug()<<str;
}


connect( this, SIGNAL(resultReady(const QString&)), this, SLOT(slot_string(const QString&)) , Qt::DirectConnection);


因为上述是const参数,所以slot中无法修改参数数据;如果想修改数据有两个方法:

(1): 赋值一个新的变量应用;

(2): 修改slot函数参数:





connect( this, SIGNAL(resultReady(const QString&)), this, SLOT(slot_string(QString)) , Qt::DirectConnection);


注:大部分的Qt的SIGNAL函数都是常量引用参数;


2:SIGNAL函数, 引用参数, SLOT函数的参数也可以是 引用参数 或一般参数;

3:SIGNAL函数和SLOT函数都是一般参数;

说明:

1:这里主要讲的是区别就是在connect的时候,SGNAL ,SLOT的参数在引用于非引用对效率的影响和参数数据的修改;

2:在线程间参数传递的时候,SGNAL和SLOT位于两个不同的线程,如果connect的链接类型是Qt::QueuedConnection非阻塞运行,SLOT的参数是一般参数,那么SLOT函数的参数就是一个数据copy,

在线程emit SGNAL后,如果线程中作为从参数的数据丢失或改变,但是SLOT函数用因为有数据备份,所以SLOT函数中的参数数据不会受到影响;

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